Abstract. While shame is sometimes discussed as a key element at the core of personality pathologies, its relationship with pathological personality traits is still understudied. Previous research suggested that shame is a common ...

Abstract. People have different tendencies when responding to positive and negative self-related stimuli, which can be referred to as positive-negative asymmetry. People are generally biased toward self-positivity on the one hand and ...

Abstract. Many studies have examined the effects of different types of background music on cognitive abilities. However, the results of these studies range from finding music to be a significant distraction to finding it to be ...

Abstract. Curiosity is a basic driver for learning and development. It has been conceptualized as a desire for new information and knowledge that motivates people to explore their physical and social environment. This raises the ...

Abstract. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is widely used to measure anxiety in academic, psychiatric, and medical settings. However, it has been proposed that the trait scale does not measure pure anxiety but contains ...

Abstract. Daily life events often trigger and co-occur with various emotional reactions, which activate self-regulatory processes. One possible outcome of self-regulatory processes is optimism. Limited research has examined optimism ...